{"id":10075,"date":"2025-06-25T17:15:53","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T17:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/diseases-of-the-heart-valves\/"},"modified":"2025-09-02T07:27:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T07:27:20","slug":"diseases-of-the-heart-valves","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/en\/diseases-of-the-heart-valves\/","title":{"rendered":"Valvular heart disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background fusion-parallax-none hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility containermask1\" style=\"--awb-background-position:right top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-background-image:url(&quot;https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Herzklappenerkrankung-Bild-Kopfzeile.jpg&quot;);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_75_23031%29%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1321.57%20538C1357.08%20287.516%201273.7%2089.91%201127-.418L1374.18-6c65.77%20100.68-15.89%20431.512-52.61%20544zM312%20955c432.242%200%20746.77-180.667%20850-271-90.34%20157.09-176.766%20246.121-208.688%20271H312z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.25%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1344.5%20427c0-252.4-212.67-390.833-319-428.5H1373c70%2082.4%2010.17%20320-28.5%20428.5z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.1%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M839.644%20954C1138.37%20793.549%201337%20508.902%201337%20184.5c0-63.218-7.54-124.926-21.9-184.5H1920v954H839.644zm0%200C676.842%201041.44%20484.311%201092%20278%201092c-584.87%200-1059-406.302-1059-907.5S-306.87-723%20278-723c511.098%200%20937.63%20310.269%201037.1%20723H0v954h839.644z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.5%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1011.55%20954C1221.42%20793.95%201353%20564.007%201353%20308.5c0-108.584-23.76-212.552-67.2-308.5H1920v954h-908.45zm0%200c-187.291%20142.83-436.933%20230-711.05%20230C-280.78%201184-752%20792.025-752%20308.5S-280.78-567%20300.5-567c450.743%200%20835.31%20235.692%20985.3%20567H0v954h1011.55z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_75_23031%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h1920v954H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 1 ;transform: scale(-1, -1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:3%;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:5%;--awb-spacing-left-large:14.4%;--awb-width-medium:40%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.8%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:14.4%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.3\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom:20px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:42px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:42;line-height:1.3;\">Valvular heart disease<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-font-size:18px;--awb-line-height:1.6em;--awb-letter-spacing:0.8px;--awb-margin-right:40px;\"><p>The four heart valves act as check valves to ensure a organized blood flow throughout the body. The heart valves are exposed to great forces and open and close around 100,000 times a day. <\/p>\n<p>As a result, they can become narrowed (valve stenosis) or leaky (valve insufficiency). Combinations of different heart valve disorders are not uncommon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:60%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.2%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.2%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility containergradient1\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:30px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:0px;--awb-padding-left-small:30px;--awb-min-height:20px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:50px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-pattern\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%22120%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_43_381%29%22%20stroke%3D%22rgba%28146%2C42%2C46%2C1%29%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M-66.839%2019.027C-44.46%2018.538-22.38%207.377%200%207.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527M-66.839%2049.028C-44.46%2048.537-22.38%2037.377%200%2037.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%2079.028C-44.46%2078.537-22.38%2067.377%200%2067.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%20109.027C-44.46%20108.537-22.38%2097.377%200%2097.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_43_381%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h160v120H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 0.11 ;background-size:15%;mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1825.81%20268.638c-6.34%209.063-8.07%2020.566-5.16%2031.236%204.79%2017.562%207.35%2036.045%207.35%2055.126%200%2096.169-64.95%20177.168-153.38%20201.519-20.69%205.696-34.4%2028.702-29.1%2049.493%203.59%2014.108%2015.52%2025.271%2029.92%2027.399C1783.26%20649.339%201866%20742.257%201866%20854.5c0%2035.748-8.39%2069.535-23.31%2099.5H1920V0h-41.08c5.29%2023.823%208.08%2048.586%208.08%2074%200%2072.392-22.62%20139.5-61.19%20194.638zM1215.08%200c-5.29%2023.823-8.08%2048.586-8.08%2074%200%2046.922%209.5%2091.624%2026.69%20132.285%207.71%2018.227-.51%2039.945-17.44%2050.19C1160.96%20289.938%201124%20350.653%201124%20420c0%2010.258.81%2020.327%202.37%2030.146%203.08%2019.43-15.7%2040.854-35.37%2040.854-93.888%200-170%2076.112-170%20170s76.112%20170%20170%20170c41.09%200%2078.78-14.579%20108.17-38.847%2021.89-18.078%2066.76-16.212%2085.59%205.041%2027.99%2031.604%2065.37%2054.706%20107.77%2064.945%2015.25%203.684%2027.18%2016.239%2029.92%2031.69A221.86%20221.86%200%20001442.31%20954H0V0h1215.08z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 1 ;transform: scale(1, 1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Herzklappenerkrankung-Bild-Kopfzeile-Mobile.jpg&#039;);--awb-bg-position:right top;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Herzklappenerkrankung-Bild-Kopfzeile-Mobile.jpg\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator section-separator waves-opacity fusion-section-separator-1\" style=\"--awb-spacer-padding-top:inherit;--awb-svg-margin-left:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-left-small:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right-small:1.92%;--awb-divider-height:80px;--awb-spacer-height:80px;--awb-divider-height-medium:300px;--awb-spacer-height-medium:300px;--awb-divider-height-small:80px;--awb-spacer-height-small:80px;--awb-sep-font-size:0;--awb-sep-line-height:0;--awb-margin-top:120px;\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-svg\"><svg class=\"fusion-waves-opacity-candy\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 1024 216\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" fill=\"rgba(255,255,255,1)\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M0 216.068h1024l.1-105.2c-14.6-3.2-30.2-5.8-47.1-7.6-178.6-19.6-279.5 56.8-464.3 41.3-206.5-17.2-248.4-128.8-455-143.8-19-1.3-38.3-.2-57.7.3v215z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M0 20.068v196.144h1024v-79.744c-22.7-6.4-47.9-11.4-76.2-14.6-178.6-19.8-272.2 53.9-457.1 38.4-206.6-17.2-197.3-124.7-403.9-139.8-27.2-2-56.6-2-86.8-.4z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path class=\"st2\" d=\"M0 216.212h1024v-35.744c-45.1-15.4-95.2-27.7-150-33.7-178.6-19.8-220.6 46.8-405.4 31.3-206.6-17.2-197.8-114.7-404.4-129.7-20.4-1.5-42-2-64.2-1.7v169.544z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path class=\"st3\" d=\"M0 216.312h1024v-3.044c-50.8-17.1-108.7-30.7-172.7-37.9-178.6-19.8-220 36.8-404.9 21.3-206.6-17.2-228-126.5-434.5-141.6-3.9-.3-7.9-.5-11.9-.7v161.944z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><\/div><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer-height\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:30px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:2%;--awb-spacing-left-large:30px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:30px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:6.72%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:6.72%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.3\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-margin-top-medium:20px;--awb-font-size:36px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.3;\">Valvular heart disease<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-font-size:17px;--awb-line-height:1.6em;--awb-letter-spacing:0.8px;--awb-margin-right:20px;\"><p>The four heart valves act as check valves to ensure a organized blood flow throughout the body. The heart valves are exposed to great forces and open and close around 100,000 times a day. <\/p>\n<p>As a result, they can become narrowed (valve stenosis) or leaky (valve insufficiency). Combinations of different heart valve disorders are not uncommon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-large-visibility containergradient1\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:15px;--awb-padding-right-small:30px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:15px;--awb-padding-left-small:30px;--awb-min-height:10px;--awb-min-height-small:20px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:7%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:7%;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-pattern\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%22120%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_43_381%29%22%20stroke%3D%22rgba%2829%2C116%2C153%2C1%29%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M-66.839%2019.027C-44.46%2018.538-22.38%207.377%200%207.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527M-66.839%2049.028C-44.46%2048.537-22.38%2037.377%200%2037.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%2079.028C-44.46%2078.537-22.38%2067.377%200%2067.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%20109.027C-44.46%20108.537-22.38%2097.377%200%2097.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_43_381%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h160v120H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 0.1 ;background-size:6%;mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__prefix__clip0_77_23452%29%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1353%20308.5c0%20255.507-131.58%20485.45-341.45%20645.5-187.291%20142.83-436.933%20230-711.05%20230C-280.78%201184-752%20792.025-752%20308.5S-280.78-567%20300.5-567c450.743%200%20835.31%20235.692%20985.3%20567%2043.44%2095.948%2067.2%20199.916%2067.2%20308.5z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1321.57%20538C1357.08%20287.516%201273.7%2089.91%201127-.418L1374.18-6c65.77%20100.68-15.89%20431.512-52.61%20544zM312%20955c432.242%200%20746.77-180.667%20850-271-90.34%20157.09-176.766%20246.121-208.688%20271H312z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.25%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1344.5%20427c0-252.4-212.67-390.833-319-428.5H1373c70%2082.4%2010.17%20320-28.5%20428.5z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.1%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1337%20184.5c0%20324.402-198.63%20609.049-497.356%20769.5H0V0h1285.8c-149.99-331.308-534.557-567-985.3-567C-280.78-567-752-175.025-752%20308.5c0%2040.898%203.371%2081.142%209.895%20120.549C-617.527%20811.461-207.995%201092%20278%201092c206.311%200%20398.842-50.56%20561.644-138h171.906C1221.42%20793.95%201353%20564.007%201353%20308.5c0-53.218-5.71-105.326-16.64-155.925.42%2010.596.64%2021.239.64%2031.925z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.5%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__prefix__clip0_77_23452%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h1920v954H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 1 ;transform: scale(1, -1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:7%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:7%;--awb-padding-top-small:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:20px;--awb-padding-left-small:20px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-pattern\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%22120%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_43_381%29%22%20stroke%3D%22rgba%2829%2C116%2C153%2C1%29%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M-66.839%2019.027C-44.46%2018.538-22.38%207.377%200%207.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527M-66.839%2049.028C-44.46%2048.537-22.38%2037.377%200%2037.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%2079.028C-44.46%2078.537-22.38%2067.377%200%2067.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.528M-66.839%20109.027C-44.46%20108.537-22.38%2097.377%200%2097.5c22.383.123%2057.617%2015%2080%2015%2022.383%200%2057.617-14.877%2080-15%2022.381-.123%2044.461%2011.037%2066.839%2011.527%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_43_381%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h160v120H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 0.1 ;background-size:6%;mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__prefix__clip0_77_23452%29%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1353%20308.5c0%20255.507-131.58%20485.45-341.45%20645.5-187.291%20142.83-436.933%20230-711.05%20230C-280.78%201184-752%20792.025-752%20308.5S-280.78-567%20300.5-567c450.743%200%20835.31%20235.692%20985.3%20567%2043.44%2095.948%2067.2%20199.916%2067.2%20308.5z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1321.57%20538C1357.08%20287.516%201273.7%2089.91%201127-.418L1374.18-6c65.77%20100.68-15.89%20431.512-52.61%20544zM312%20955c432.242%200%20746.77-180.667%20850-271-90.34%20157.09-176.766%20246.121-208.688%20271H312z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.25%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1344.5%20427c0-252.4-212.67-390.833-319-428.5H1373c70%2082.4%2010.17%20320-28.5%20428.5z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.1%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%20d%3D%22M1337%20184.5c0%20324.402-198.63%20609.049-497.356%20769.5H0V0h1285.8c-149.99-331.308-534.557-567-985.3-567C-280.78-567-752-175.025-752%20308.5c0%2040.898%203.371%2081.142%209.895%20120.549C-617.527%20811.461-207.995%201092%20278%201092c206.311%200%20398.842-50.56%20561.644-138h171.906C1221.42%20793.95%201353%20564.007%201353%20308.5c0-53.218-5.71-105.326-16.64-155.925.42%2010.596.64%2021.239.64%2031.925z%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.5%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__prefix__clip0_77_23452%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22rgba%28255%2C255%2C255%2C1%29%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h1920v954H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 1 ;transform: scale(1, -1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-tabs fusion-tabs-1 classic fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility nav-is-justified horizontal-tabs icon-position-left mobile-mode-accordion\" style=\"--icon-color:var(--awb-color2);--icon-active-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-content-padding-top:50px;--awb-content-padding-right:50px;--awb-content-padding-bottom:50px;--awb-content-padding-left:50px;--awb-content-padding-top-small:20px;--awb-content-padding-right-small:20px;--awb-content-padding-bottom-small:20px;--awb-content-padding-left-small:20px;--awb-title-padding-top:20px;--awb-title-padding-right:15px;--awb-title-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-title-padding-left:15px;--awb-title-font-size:22px;--awb-alignment:start;--awb-inactive-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-title-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-title-active-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-active-border-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><div class=\"nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-64db8d2147db045551b\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" id=\"fusion-tab-64db8d2147db045551b\" href=\"#tab-64db8d2147db045551b\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Aortic valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\" href=\"#tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Mitral valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\" href=\"#tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Tricuspid valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\" href=\"#tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Pulmonary valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-content\"><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-64db8d2147db045551b\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-64db8d2147db045551b\" href=\"#tab-64db8d2147db045551b\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Aortic valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix in active\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-64db8d2147db045551b\" id=\"tab-64db8d2147db045551b\">\n<div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-item-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>aortic valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. It ensures that blood does not flow back into the heart during the filling phase (diastole). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-2 fusion-columns-total-2 fusion-content-boxes-2 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-first-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading icon-left\"><div class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--body_typography-font-size:26px;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.7;\">Aortic valve stenosis<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:18px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a5199d2f3be949d1e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a5199d2f3be949d1e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a5199d2f3be949d1e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#a5199d2f3be949d1e\" href=\"#a5199d2f3be949d1e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Symptoms<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"a5199d2f3be949d1e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a5199d2f3be949d1e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion.<\/li>\n<li>Chest pain or pressure, often on exertion or stress.<\/li>\n<li>Fainting or dizziness and even sudden cardiac death due to reduced blood circulation.<\/li>\n<li>Strokes<\/li>\n<li>Signs of late-stage heart failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e75370d577df54208 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e75370d577df54208\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e75370d577df54208\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#e75370d577df54208\" href=\"#e75370d577df54208\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Causes<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"e75370d577df54208\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e75370d577df54208\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8031\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Ursachen-Aortenklappenstenose.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mostly age-related wear and tear: thickening and\/or calcification of the patient&#8217;s nativ aortic valve or an aortic valve that has already been replaced (prosthetic stenosis)<\/li>\n<li>Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatic fever or endocarditis, which lead to stiffening of the cusps<\/li>\n<li>Long-term effects (&gt; 20-30 years later) after radiation therapy to the chest<\/li>\n<li>Possible links with elevated lipoprotein (LP<sub>a<\/sub>) in research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-cf028ea8097b20d65 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_cf028ea8097b20d65\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cf028ea8097b20d65\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#cf028ea8097b20d65\" href=\"#cf028ea8097b20d65\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"cf028ea8097b20d65\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_cf028ea8097b20d65\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Heart auscultation: audible heart murmurs (e.g. systolic murmur) through the narrowed valve.<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac ultrasound (TTE): for detailed visualization of the valve and the severity of the narrowing as well as the consequences for the heart.<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac catheterization: To determine the degree of stenosis and to check the coronary arteries.<\/li>\n<li>Computed tomography from the neck to the pelvis to measure access routes for interventions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-939a977a37fdda112 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_939a977a37fdda112\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"939a977a37fdda112\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#939a977a37fdda112\" href=\"#939a977a37fdda112\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Therapies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"939a977a37fdda112\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_939a977a37fdda112\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Regular cardiological checks for mild forms<\/li>\n<li>For severe aortic stenosis, decision on the best procedure in the heart valve team\n<ul>\n<li>Replacement of the aortic valve with a prosthetic valve\n<ul>\n<li>TAVI: Catheter-based procedure on the beating heart (from the age of 75, or in cases of high surgical risk <em>and<\/em> favorable anatomy)<\/li>\n<li>SAVR: Surgical replacement of the aortic valve (usually possible via minimally invasive access). For patients &lt;75 years of age or with a high surgical risk, as well as in cases where combined heart surgery is necessary. <\/li>\n<li>In certain cases, valve-in-valve therapy is also possible (TAVI in SAVR, TAVI in TAVI)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Medication plays a minor role, purely symptomatic use<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h5><span style=\"color: #922a2e;\"><strong>Therapies for aortic valve stenosis:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6d0027835ccbf0ffe fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6d0027835ccbf0ffe\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6d0027835ccbf0ffe\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#6d0027835ccbf0ffe\" href=\"#6d0027835ccbf0ffe\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based aortic valve replacement (TAVI) for aortic valve stenosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"6d0027835ccbf0ffe\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6d0027835ccbf0ffe\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8031 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-TAVI-Katheter-AK-Ersatz.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\">Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. The new valve (a biological valve prosthesis, see left) is advanced to the heart via a catheter, usually through the inguinal artery (transfemoral), and inserted in the area of the diseased valve. The old, calcified valve is not removed, but pressed against the wall by the new prosthesis.  <\/p>\n<p>The procedure is performed on a beating heart and is carried out under X-ray guidance, sometimes also under ultrasound guidance, to ensure precise placement of the new valve. TAVI is particularly suitable for older patients (&gt;75 years) or those with an increased surgical risk, as it is less stressful than open surgery and allows for a faster recovery. Whether TAVI is possible and advisable depends on various factors and is discussed individually with each patient.  <\/p>\n<p>In certain cases, a TAVI can also be performed if the patient\u2019s native aortic valve has already been replaced by a surgical or transcatheter prosthesis and the valve prosthesis has now become stenotic again. The procedure is then called valve-in-valve (TAVI-in-TAVI, TAVI-in-SAVR). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-1\" data-target=\"#1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\" href=\"#1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic valve stenosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1c5cb8ea3cea2ec7e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8031 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-SAVR-chirurgischer-AK-Ersatz.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\">Surgical aortic valve replacement can be performed either via a classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy) or more gently, minimally invasively through a small incision between the ribs. In both methods, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by a heart-lung machine. Two types of prosthesis are available to replace the diseased valve: biological valves (made from sterilized pericardial tissue from pigs or cattle) or mechanical valves made from specialized metallic material. Biological valves last on average around 10 years and generally do not require lifelong blood thinning, while mechanical valves are significantly more durable but require a permanent intake of blood thinners. Which access and which valve is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-2 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading icon-left\"><div class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--body_typography-font-size:26px;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.7;\">Aortic valve regurgitation<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:18px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-2\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d2539bc8d210e0f5b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d2539bc8d210e0f5b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d2539bc8d210e0f5b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#d2539bc8d210e0f5b\" href=\"#d2539bc8d210e0f5b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Symptoms<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"d2539bc8d210e0f5b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d2539bc8d210e0f5b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath on exertion)<\/li>\n<li>Decrease in performance, general fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Pulsation in the neck (partly visible)<\/li>\n<li>Heart failure as a long-term consequence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a8a77b6d22400b759 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a8a77b6d22400b759\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a8a77b6d22400b759\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#a8a77b6d22400b759\" href=\"#a8a77b6d22400b759\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Causes<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"a8a77b6d22400b759\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a8a77b6d22400b759\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Prolapse of one or more cusps (prolapse due to connective tissue weakness)<\/li>\n<li>Degenerative changes with age (native valve) or as a long-term consequence (aortic valve prosthesis)<\/li>\n<li>Geometric disturbance of the aortic valve due to dilation of the aorta (e.g. caused by high blood pressure or connective tissue diseases)<\/li>\n<li>Inflammatory processes (e.g. endocarditis, rheumatic fever)<\/li>\n<li>Congenital valve abnormalities (e.g. bicuspid aortic valve, see chapter on congenital heart disease)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-29dff725972235f24 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_29dff725972235f24\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"29dff725972235f24\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#29dff725972235f24\" href=\"#29dff725972235f24\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"29dff725972235f24\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_29dff725972235f24\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Auscultation: typical heart murmur<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac ultrasound (TTE): The most important examination to assess the structure and function of the aortic valve and the heart. Determining the severity of the dysfunction <\/li>\n<li>Transesophgeal echocardiography (3D TEE): Often used additionally to understand the exact anatomy of the aortic valve<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac catheterization to measure pressure values in the heart and to visualize the coronary arteries<\/li>\n<li>CT and\/or MRI to visualize the aorta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9bbc9171a5f28b060 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9bbc9171a5f28b060\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9bbc9171a5f28b060\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#9bbc9171a5f28b060\" href=\"#9bbc9171a5f28b060\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Therapies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"9bbc9171a5f28b060\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9bbc9171a5f28b060\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Regular cardiological checks for mild forms<\/li>\n<li>For severe aortic valve insufficiency, decision on the best procedure in the heart valve team\n<ul>\n<li>Medication to relieve the heart (e.g. ACE inhibitors to reduce afterload)<\/li>\n<li>Surgical or catheter-based valve replacement or surgical valve repair (see below)<\/li>\n<li>If necessary, combination with replacement of the aortic root or ascending aorta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h5><span style=\"color: #922a2e;\"><strong>Therapies for aortic valve regurgitation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d4e8195dbfe0bd436 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d4e8195dbfe0bd436\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d4e8195dbfe0bd436\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#d4e8195dbfe0bd436\" href=\"#d4e8195dbfe0bd436\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical repair of the aortic valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"d4e8195dbfe0bd436\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d4e8195dbfe0bd436\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Surgical aortic valve reconstruction is performed using the classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy). In order for the valve to be repaired, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by the heart-lung machine. The type of reconstruction (retraction, patch implantation&#8230;) depends on the underlying valve disease. After successful valve reconstruction, lifelong blood thinning is generally not necessary. Whether aortic valve reconstruction is possible and appropriate depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1f502a13caf8136d8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1f502a13caf8136d8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1f502a13caf8136d8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#1f502a13caf8136d8\" href=\"#1f502a13caf8136d8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"1f502a13caf8136d8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1f502a13caf8136d8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8031 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-Aortenklappeninsuffizienz-AK-Ersatz.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\">Surgical aortic valve replacement can be performed either via a classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy) or more gently, minimally invasively through a small incision between the ribs. In both methods, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by a heart-lung machine. Two types of prosthesis are available to replace the diseased valve: biological valves (made from sterilized pericardial tissue from pigs or cattle) or mechanical valves made from specialized metallic material. Biological valves last on average around 10 years and generally do not require lifelong blood thinning, while mechanical valves are significantly more durable but require a permanent intake of blood thinners. Which access and which valve is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b970a61c969d4cb6a fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b970a61c969d4cb6a\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b970a61c969d4cb6a\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-2\" data-target=\"#b970a61c969d4cb6a\" href=\"#b970a61c969d4cb6a\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based aortic valve replacement for aortic valve regurgitation<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"b970a61c969d4cb6a\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b970a61c969d4cb6a\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8033 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-katheterbasiert-Aorteninsuffizienz.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\">Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of severe aortic insufficiency. The valve prosthesis (see left) is advanced to the heart via a catheter, usually through the inguinal artery (transfemoral), and inserted in the area of the diseased valve. The old valve is not removed, but pressed against the wall by the new prosthesis.  <\/p>\n<p>The procedure is carried out on the beating heart and is performed under X-ray control, sometimes also under ultrasound control, to ensure precise placement of the new valve. TAVI is an alternative form of treatment, particularly for older patients with an increased surgical risk, as it is less stressful than open surgery and enables a faster recovery. Whether TAVI is possible depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient  <\/p>\n<p>In certain cases, a TAVI can also be performed if the patient\u2019s native aortic valve has already been replaced by a surgical or transcatheter prosthesis and the valve prosthesis has now become leaky. The procedure is then called valve-in-valve (TAVI-in-TAVI, TAVI-in-SAVR). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\"><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\" href=\"#tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Mitral valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\" id=\"tab-cb632ca3a8a3d782f93\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-3 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-item-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>mitral valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the left ventricle and the left atrium. It ensures that blood only flows forwards towards the aorta when the heart beats (systole).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-2 fusion-columns-total-2 fusion-content-boxes-4 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-first-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading icon-left\"><div class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--body_typography-font-size:26px;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.7;\">Mitral valve stenosis<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:18px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-3\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-00136c2eb0d9a0c17 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_00136c2eb0d9a0c17\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"00136c2eb0d9a0c17\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#00136c2eb0d9a0c17\" href=\"#00136c2eb0d9a0c17\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Symptoms<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"00136c2eb0d9a0c17\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_00136c2eb0d9a0c17\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Shortness of breath, especially on exertion<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmia (e.g. atrial fibrillation)<\/li>\n<li>Reduced performance and rapid exhaustion<\/li>\n<li>Nocturnal cough or chest pain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6ef668d275172be59 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6ef668d275172be59\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6ef668d275172be59\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#6ef668d275172be59\" href=\"#6ef668d275172be59\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Causes<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"6ef668d275172be59\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6ef668d275172be59\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Mostly the result of rheumatic fever (rheumatic heart disease)<\/li>\n<li>Rare: congenital malformation of the mitral valve<\/li>\n<li>in old age: due to calcification of the valve or the valve ring<\/li>\n<li>Long-term effects (&gt; 20-30 years later) after radiation therapy to the chest<\/li>\n<li>as a long-term consequence after surgical mitral valve replacement (prosthesis stenosis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2b7c0b2919d73d73b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2b7c0b2919d73d73b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2b7c0b2919d73d73b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#2b7c0b2919d73d73b\" href=\"#2b7c0b2919d73d73b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"2b7c0b2919d73d73b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_2b7c0b2919d73d73b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Listening to typical heart murmurs (auscultation)<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac ultrasound (TTE): The most important examination to assess the structure and function of the mitral valve and the heart. Determining the severity of the dysfunction <\/li>\n<li>Transesophgeal echocardiography (3D TEE): Often used additionally to understand the exact anatomy of the mitral valve<\/li>\n<li>ECG\/long-term ECG to detect arrhythmias<\/li>\n<li>Stress tests and cardiac catheterization if necessary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5e7156b94ab7cadfd fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5e7156b94ab7cadfd\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5e7156b94ab7cadfd\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#5e7156b94ab7cadfd\" href=\"#5e7156b94ab7cadfd\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Therapies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"5e7156b94ab7cadfd\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5e7156b94ab7cadfd\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Decision on the best procedure in the heart valve team\n<ul>\n<li>Drug treatment to alleviate symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Balloon valvuloplasty (dilatation of the valve using a catheter and balloon) if anatomically possible<\/li>\n<li>Surgical replacement of the native mitral valve<\/li>\n<li>Catheter-based replacement for prosthetic stenosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h5><span style=\"color: #922a2e;\"><strong>Therapies for mitral valve stenosis:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7608516ced8313b5b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7608516ced8313b5b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7608516ced8313b5b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#7608516ced8313b5b\" href=\"#7608516ced8313b5b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based valve bursting (valvuloplasty)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"7608516ced8313b5b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_7608516ced8313b5b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p class=\"my-0\">Balloon valvuloplasty of the mitral valve is a catheter-based procedure to treat mitral valve stenosis, i.e. a narrowing of the mitral valve. A thin catheter with a small, folded balloon is advanced via the groin vein to the mitral valve. Once the balloon is positioned in the right place, it is carefully inflated to expand the narrowed valve and thus improve blood flow into the left ventricle.  <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">The procedure is performed on the beating heart and under precise imaging control, usually with ultrasound (transesophageal echocardiography) and X-ray. Balloon valvuloplasty is particularly suitable for patients with a certain form of mitral valve stenosis (usually of rheumatic origin) and is an option if surgery would be too risky. In many cases, it can delay the need for valve replacement. Whether balloon valvuloplasty is feasible and appropriate depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f3ce5c70768f56fa0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f3ce5c70768f56fa0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f3ce5c70768f56fa0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#f3ce5c70768f56fa0\" href=\"#f3ce5c70768f56fa0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based mitral valve replacement<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"f3ce5c70768f56fa0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f3ce5c70768f56fa0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Catheter-based mitral valve replacement is a new, minimally invasive procedure in which the mitral valve is replaced via a catheter and not surgically via open heart surgery. This method is currently still rarely used and is primarily used in clinical studies and research protocols, as long-term experience in larger patient populations is still lacking. <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">The Tendyne prosthesis is approved in Switzerland for percutaneous mitral valve replacement. The Tendyne valve is inserted directly into the heart through a small incision at the apex of the heart and anchored in place.  In addition, there is a new system, the Sapien M3 prosthesis, which has already been approved in Europe. The Sapien M3 can be advanced to the heart via the vena cava using a transfemoral approach, which is particularly gentle, and inserted into the mitral valve. Both procedures are performed on the beating heart and are carried out under continuous imaging (X-ray and transesophageal echocardiography). Whether percutaneous mitral valve replacement is possible and advisable depends on various factors and is discussed individually with each patient.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-75e62edfb864e9afc fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_75e62edfb864e9afc\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"75e62edfb864e9afc\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-3\" data-target=\"#75e62edfb864e9afc\" href=\"#75e62edfb864e9afc\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical mitral valve replacement<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"75e62edfb864e9afc\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_75e62edfb864e9afc\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Surgical mitral valve replacement can be performed either via a classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy) or more gently, minimally invasively through a small incision between the ribs. In both methods, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by a heart-lung machine. Two types of prosthesis are available to replace the diseased valve (see left): biological valves (made from sterilized pericardial tissue from pigs or cattle) or mechanical valves made from specialized metallic material. Biological valves last on average around 10 years and generally do not require lifelong blood thinning, while mechanical valves are significantly more durable but require a permanent intake of blood thinners. Which access and which valve is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-2 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading icon-left\"><div class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--body_typography-font-size:26px;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.7;\">Mitral valve insufficiency<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:18px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-4\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1fd7ab0c23bc106ca fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\" href=\"#1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Symptoms<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1fd7ab0c23bc106ca\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion.<\/li>\n<li>Tiredness and rapid exhaustion (loss of performance).<\/li>\n<li>Palpitations or irregular heartbeat.<\/li>\n<li>Signs of late-stage heart failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-db8b6d970b389debc fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_db8b6d970b389debc\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"db8b6d970b389debc\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#db8b6d970b389debc\" href=\"#db8b6d970b389debc\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Causes<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"db8b6d970b389debc\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_db8b6d970b389debc\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary<\/strong> cause: Problem with the mitral valve:\n<ul>\n<li>Signs of wear and tear (degeneration, for example due to tearing of tendon threads) with age.<\/li>\n<li>Thickening and prolapse (protrusion) can also occur in young people.<\/li>\n<li>Valve destruction as a result of infections (endocarditis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary<\/strong> cause: As a result of other heart diseases (e.g. after a heart attack, in many forms of cheart failure in atrial fibrillation that has persisted for many years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b331a1b6a4d080e1e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b331a1b6a4d080e1e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b331a1b6a4d080e1e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#b331a1b6a4d080e1e\" href=\"#b331a1b6a4d080e1e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"b331a1b6a4d080e1e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b331a1b6a4d080e1e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Listening to typical heart murmurs (auscultation)<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac ultrasound (TTE): The most important examination to assess the structure and function of the mitral valve and the heart. Determining the severity of the dysfunction <\/li>\n<li>Transesophgeal echocardiography (3D TEE): Often used additionally to understand the exact anatomy of the mitral valve<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac catheterization or coronary CT: Must be performed to exclude additional blocked coronary arteries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-79ed619522629dbcb fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_79ed619522629dbcb\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"79ed619522629dbcb\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#79ed619522629dbcb\" href=\"#79ed619522629dbcb\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Therapies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"79ed619522629dbcb\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_79ed619522629dbcb\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Regular cardiological checks for mild forms<\/li>\n<li>In cases of severe mitral regurgitation, the heart valve team decides on the best procedure:\n<ul>\n<li>Drug treatment plays a subordinate role.<\/li>\n<li>In cases of severe and symptomatic mitral regurgitation, the valve is surgically repaired, or replaced if there is no other option (biological or mechanical valve prosthesis)<\/li>\n<li>In selected cases, especially in cases of high surgical risk \/ old age, the valve can be repaired using a cardiac catheterization procedure (procedure via the groin, no surgery).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h5><span style=\"color: #922a2e;\"><strong>Therapies for mitral regurgitation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e3a6b76b56c129077 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e3a6b76b56c129077\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e3a6b76b56c129077\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#e3a6b76b56c129077\" href=\"#e3a6b76b56c129077\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based reconstruction of the mitral valve (TEER)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"e3a6b76b56c129077\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e3a6b76b56c129077\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-8037 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-Katheter-rekonstruktion-TEER.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\"><\/p>\n<p>In percutaneous mitral valve repair using the TEER procedure (Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair), the leaking mitral valve is repaired using a catheter on the beating heart without the need to open the chest and use a heart-lung machine. Through a small access in the groin, a catheter is guided via the great vena cava to the mitral valve, where special clips (see left) &#8211; either the MitraClip or the PASCAL system &#8211; connect the two valve leaflets together and thus reduce the leakage of the valve. The entire procedure is performed under fluoroscopic (X-ray) and echocardiographic (TEE) control so that the exact alignment and positioning of the clips can be visualized in real time. Whether mitral valve reconstruction using TEER is possible and sensible depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e88436fd2632090e9 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e88436fd2632090e9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e88436fd2632090e9\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#e88436fd2632090e9\" href=\"#e88436fd2632090e9\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based replacement of the mitral valve  <\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"e88436fd2632090e9\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e88436fd2632090e9\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p class=\"my-0\">Catheter-based mitral valve replacement is a new, minimally invasive procedure in which the mitral valve is replaced via a catheter and not surgically via open heart surgery. This method is currently still rarely used and is primarily used in clinical studies and research protocols, as long-term experience in larger patient populations is still lacking. <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">The Tendyne prosthesis is approved in Switzerland for percutaneous mitral valve replacement. The Tendyne valve is inserted directly into the heart through a small incision at the apex of the heart and anchored in place.  In addition, there is a new system, the Sapien M3 prosthesis, which has already been approved in Europe. The Sapien M3 can be advanced to the heart via the vena cava using a transfemoral approach, which is particularly gentle, and inserted into the mitral valve. Both procedures are performed on the beating heart and are carried out under continuous imaging (X-ray and transesophageal echocardiography). Whether percutaneous mitral valve replacement is possible and advisable depends on various factors and is discussed individually with each patient.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f6c2063972e062c3f fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f6c2063972e062c3f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f6c2063972e062c3f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#f6c2063972e062c3f\" href=\"#f6c2063972e062c3f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical repair of the mitral valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"f6c2063972e062c3f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f6c2063972e062c3f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8041 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Therapie-chirurgischer-MK-Rekonstruktion.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"209\">The operation is usually minimally invasive and is performed via a small incision between the right-sided ribs. During the operation, the heart is stopped and the heart-lung machine takes over the circulatory function. In mitral valve reconstruction, the patient&#8217;s native valve is repaired so that it opens and closes properly again. Various technical options are available: In almost all cases, a so-called annuloplasty ring (see left) is used to stabilize the valve ring and restore its natural shape.  If the chords of the valve are damaged or torn, they can be replaced with artificial chordae. In some cases, small, diseased areas of the valve are surgically removed (resection). The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction are the preservation of the patient&#8217;s native valve, the restoration of a natural ring shape (which supports long-term heart function), and, in most cases, the avoidance of lifelong blood thinning. Whether mitral valve reconstruction is possible and advisable, and which approach is chosen, depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5d0660f4c6ff253ea fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5d0660f4c6ff253ea\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5d0660f4c6ff253ea\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-4\" data-target=\"#5d0660f4c6ff253ea\" href=\"#5d0660f4c6ff253ea\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical replacement of the mitral valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"5d0660f4c6ff253ea\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5d0660f4c6ff253ea\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Surgical mitral valve replacement can be performed either via a classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy) or more gently, minimally invasively through a small incision between the ribs. In both methods, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by a heart-lung machine. Two types of prosthesis are available to replace the diseased valve (see left): biological valves (made from sterilized pericardial tissue from pigs or cattle) or mechanical valves made from specialized metallic material. Biological valves last on average around 10 years and generally do not require lifelong blood thinning, while mechanical valves are significantly more durable but require a permanent intake of blood thinners. Which access and which valve is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\"><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\" href=\"#tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Tricuspid valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\" id=\"tab-4356abeac5246bcbf39\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-5 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-item-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>tricuspid valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the right ventricle and the right atrium. It ensures that blood only flows forwards towards the pulmonary artery when the heart beats. In Switzerland, narrowing (stenosis) of the tricuspid valve is a rarity. However, leakage (insufficiency) of the tricuspid valve is a common clinical problem.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-6 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading icon-left\"><div class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--body_typography-font-size:26px;--fontSize:26;line-height:1.7;\">Tricuspid valve insufficiency<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:18px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-5\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-06de0f0fb68a776ce fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_06de0f0fb68a776ce\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"06de0f0fb68a776ce\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#06de0f0fb68a776ce\" href=\"#06de0f0fb68a776ce\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Symptoms<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"06de0f0fb68a776ce\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_06de0f0fb68a776ce\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Leg edema and fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), loss of appetite<\/li>\n<li>Neck vein distention and visible pulsations of the neck<\/li>\n<li>Tiredness, shortness of breath and reduced performance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c66e079fcebe339b0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c66e079fcebe339b0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c66e079fcebe339b0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#c66e079fcebe339b0\" href=\"#c66e079fcebe339b0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Causes<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"c66e079fcebe339b0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c66e079fcebe339b0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Secondary (80%)\n<ul>\n<li>Dilation of the right ventricle, often caused by pulmonary hypertension and\/or diseases of the left heart<\/li>\n<li>Dilation of the valve annulus, usually in atrial fibrillation (arrhythmia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Primary (20%):\n<ul>\n<li>Congenital or acquired heart valve defects (prolapse)<\/li>\n<li>Damage due to rheumatic fever or endocarditis<\/li>\n<li>Mechanical influences, e.g. pacemaker electrodes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8b0702775040efcb0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8b0702775040efcb0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8b0702775040efcb0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#8b0702775040efcb0\" href=\"#8b0702775040efcb0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"8b0702775040efcb0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8b0702775040efcb0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Physical examination, e.g. detection of jugular vein congestion, leg swelling or heart murmur<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac ultrasound (TTE): The most important examination to assess the structure and function of the tricuspid valve and the heart. Determining the severity of the dysfunction <\/li>\n<li>Transesophgeal echocardiography (3D TEE): Often used additionally to understand the exact anatomy of the tricuspid valve<\/li>\n<li>Performance measurement with 6-minute walking test<\/li>\n<li>Imaging procedures such as MRI or CT for specific questions<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac catheterization to measure pulmonary vascular resistance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d629f283120549604 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d629f283120549604\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d629f283120549604\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#d629f283120549604\" href=\"#d629f283120549604\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Therapies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"d629f283120549604\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d629f283120549604\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Regular cardiological checks for mild forms<\/p>\n<p>For severe tricuspid valve regurgitation, decision on the best procedure in the heart valve team<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medication (orally or intravenously): to reduce water retention and to treat heart failure and arrhythmias<\/li>\n<li>Tricuspid valve reconstruction (surgically or via catheter treatment)<\/li>\n<li>Tricuspid valve replacement (surgically or via catheter treatment)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h5><span style=\"color: #922a2e;\"><strong>Therapies for tricuspid valve regurgitation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-700746cc48299f777 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_700746cc48299f777\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"700746cc48299f777\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#700746cc48299f777\" href=\"#700746cc48299f777\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based reconstruction of the tricuspid valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"700746cc48299f777\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_700746cc48299f777\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>In catheter-based tricuspid valve repair using the TEER procedure (Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair), the leaking tricuspid valve is repaired using a catheter on the beating heart without the need to open the chest and use a heart-lung machine. Through a small access in the groin, a catheter is guided via the great vena cava to the tricuspid valve, where special clips (see left) &#8211; either the TriClip or the PASCAL system &#8211; connect the valve leaflets to each other and thus reduce the leakage of the valve. The entire procedure is performed under fluoroscopic (X-ray) and echocardiographic (TEE) control so that the exact alignment and positioning of the clips can be visualized in real time. Whether tricuspid valve reconstruction using TEER is possible and appropriate depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.   <\/p>\n<p>In addition to the TEER procedure, other catheter-based procedures such as the Cardioband procedure are also used, but have not yet been performed at the Heart Clinic.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8b3e09571e0ee22cc fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8b3e09571e0ee22cc\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8b3e09571e0ee22cc\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#8b3e09571e0ee22cc\" href=\"#8b3e09571e0ee22cc\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Catheter-based replacement of the tricuspid valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"8b3e09571e0ee22cc\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8b3e09571e0ee22cc\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p class=\"my-0\">Catheter-based tricuspid valve replacement is a new, minimally invasive procedure in which the tricuspid valve is replaced via a catheter and not surgically via open heart surgery. This method is currently still rarely used, as there is a lack of long-term experience in larger patient cohorts. <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">In Switzerland, the EVOQUE prosthesis is approved for percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement. The prosthesis is advanced to the heart via the great vena cava, i.e. in a particularly gentle manner, and inserted into the tricuspid valve. The procedure is performed on a beating heart and is carried out under continuous imaging (X-ray and transesophageal echocardiography).  <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">If catheter-based valve replacement is not possible due to anatomical reasons or poor function of the right heart, there are other, rarely used methods. In the TricValve\u00ae method, for example, biological valve prostheses are inserted into the superior and inferior vena cava to alleviate the symptoms of a severely leaking tricuspid valve. <\/p>\n<p class=\"my-0\">Whether percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement is feasible and appropriate and which method can be used depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6cddac571216994ba fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6cddac571216994ba\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6cddac571216994ba\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#6cddac571216994ba\" href=\"#6cddac571216994ba\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical repair of the tricuspid valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"6cddac571216994ba\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6cddac571216994ba\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>The operation is usually minimally invasive and is performed via a small incision between the right-sided ribs. During the operation, the heart is stopped and the heart-lung machine takes over the circulatory function. During tricuspid valve reconstruction, the patient&#8217;s native valve is repaired so that it opens and closes properly again. There are various technical options available: It is usually sufficient to insert a so-called annuloplasty ring (see left), which stabilizes the valve ring and restores the natural ring shape. If the chords of the valve are damaged or torn, they can be replaced with artificial chordae. Other techniques are used depending on the valve disease. The advantages of tricuspid valve reconstruction are the preservation of the patient&#8217;s native valve, the restoration of a natural annular shape (supports long-term heart function) and, as a rule, the elimination of lifelong blood thinning. Whether tricuspid valve reconstruction is feasible and appropriate and which approach is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-176bd918db7902ef8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_176bd918db7902ef8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"176bd918db7902ef8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-10075-5\" data-target=\"#176bd918db7902ef8\" href=\"#176bd918db7902ef8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Surgical replacement of the tricuspid valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"176bd918db7902ef8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_176bd918db7902ef8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<div id=\"attachment_8029\" style=\"width: 244px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8029\" class=\"wp-image-8029 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-biologische-Klappenprothese@2x.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-biologische-Klappenprothese@2x-200x188.png 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-biologische-Klappenprothese@2x.png 234w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8029\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Biological valve prosthesis<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8030\" style=\"width: 245px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8030\" class=\"wp-image-8030 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-Klappen-Prothese@2x.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-Klappen-Prothese@2x-200x188.png 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Aortenklappe-Klappen-Prothese@2x.png 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Mechanical valve prosthesis<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Surgical tricuspid valve replacement can be performed either via a classic approach through the sternum (sternotomy) or more gently, minimally invasively through a small incision between the ribs. In both methods, the heart is temporarily stopped and the circulation is taken over by a heart-lung machine. Two types of prosthesis are available to replace the diseased valve (see left): biological valves (made from sterilized pericardial tissue from pigs or cattle) or mechanical valves made from specialized metallic material. Biological valves last on average around 10 years and generally do not require lifelong blood thinning, while mechanical valves are significantly more durable but require a permanent intake of blood thinners. Which access and which valve is chosen depends on various factors and is discussed individually with the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\"><li  role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\" href=\"#tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size:20px;\"><\/i>Pulmonary valve<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\" id=\"tab-a5a0995fd4a3e905462\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-7 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>pulmonary valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It ensures that blood does not flow back into the heart during the filling phase. In healthy adults, there is practically never an isolated severe disorder of the pulmonary valve function. If diseases of the pulmonary valve are present in adulthood, they are almost always the result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/en\/congenital-and-acquired-hear-defects\/\">congenital heart defect<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:10px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:18px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-toggle-active-accent-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:22px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:1px;--awb-title-line-height:1.5em;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-10075-6\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a44011f09851b85d8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a44011f09851b85d8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a44011f09851b85d8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#a44011f09851b85d8\" href=\"#a44011f09851b85d8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Aortic valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"a44011f09851b85d8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a44011f09851b85d8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-8 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>aortic valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. It ensures that blood does not flow back into the heart during the filling phase (diastole).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type aortenklappenstenoseoffcanvas\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#awb-oc__8417\"><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Aortic valve stenosis<\/span><\/a><\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type aortenklappeninsuffizienzoffcanvas\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#awb-oc__8414\"><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Aortic valve regurgitation<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-02645a5e4e0f2ad37 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_02645a5e4e0f2ad37\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"02645a5e4e0f2ad37\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#02645a5e4e0f2ad37\" href=\"#02645a5e4e0f2ad37\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Mitral valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"02645a5e4e0f2ad37\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_02645a5e4e0f2ad37\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-9 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>mitral valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the left ventricle and the left atrium. It ensures that blood only flows forwards towards the aorta when the heart beats (systole).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type mitralklappenstenoseoffcanvas\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#awb-oc__8435\"><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Mitral valve stenosis<\/span><\/a><\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-4 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type mitralklappeninsuffizienzoffcanvas\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#awb-oc__8436\"><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Mitral valve insufficiency<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-830a06d32db6a0dd1 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_830a06d32db6a0dd1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"830a06d32db6a0dd1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#830a06d32db6a0dd1\" href=\"#830a06d32db6a0dd1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Tricuspid valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"830a06d32db6a0dd1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_830a06d32db6a0dd1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-10 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>tricuspid valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the right ventricle and the right atrium. It ensures that blood only flows forwards towards the pulmonary artery when the heart beats. In Switzerland, narrowing (stenosis) of the tricuspid valve is a rarity. However, leakage (insufficiency) of the tricuspid valve is a common clinical problem.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-5 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienzoffcanvas\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-top:15px;--awb-padding-bottom:15px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color1);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#awb-oc__8437\"><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Tricuspid valve insufficiency<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5871c64bcaf4c9436 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5871c64bcaf4c9436\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5871c64bcaf4c9436\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#5871c64bcaf4c9436\" href=\"#5871c64bcaf4c9436\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-angle-up fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Pulmonary valve<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"5871c64bcaf4c9436\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5871c64bcaf4c9436\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-11 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;--awb-border-radius-top-left:4px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:4px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:4px;--awb-alignment:stretch;--awb-title-color:#922a2e;--awb-item-margin-top:10px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-box-shadow:0px 0px 9px 0px #d0d0d0 inset;;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row columnherzerkrankung\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>The <strong>pulmonary valve<\/strong> is a non-return valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It ensures that blood does not flow back into the heart during the filling phase. In healthy adults, there is practically never an isolated severe disorder of the pulmonary valve function. If diseases of the pulmonary valve are present in adulthood, they are almost always the result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/en\/congenital-and-acquired-hear-defects\/\">congenital heart defect<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:2px 2px 2px 2px;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:60px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:50px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-font-size:32px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:32;line-height:1.3;\">Further information<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-padding-right-small:10px;--awb-padding-left-small:10px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:2px 2px 2px 2px;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:calc( 0.41 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:calc( 0.41 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:calc( 0.41 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-spacing-left-medium:calc( 0.41 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-12 content-boxes-icon-on-top content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-alignment:center;--awb-margin-bottom:20px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:var(--awb-color2);\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-text content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/swissheart.ch\/webshop\/behandlung-von-herzklappenerkrankungen?variant=51331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1.013_Herzklappenerkrankungen_DE_2019.webp\" width=\"300\" height=\"425.38\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:22px;--fontSize:22;line-height:1.3;\">Treatment of valvular heart disease<\/h2><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/swissheart.ch\/webshop\/behandlung-von-herzklappenerkrankungen?variant=51331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn more<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-padding-right-small:20px;--awb-padding-left-small:20px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:2px 2px 2px 2px;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:calc( 0.15 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:calc( 0.15 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:calc( 0.15 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-spacing-left-medium:calc( 0.15 * calc( 100% - 80px ) );--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-13 content-boxes-icon-on-top content-left has-flex-alignment\" style=\"--awb-alignment:center;--awb-margin-bottom:20px;--awb-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:var(--awb-color2);\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-text content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/swissheart.ch\/webshop\/behandlung-von-herzklappenerkrankungen?variant=51331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1.013_Herzklappenerkrankungen_DE_2019.webp\" width=\"780\" height=\"1106\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:24px;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.3;\">Treatment of valvular heart disease<\/h2><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/swissheart.ch\/webshop\/behandlung-von-herzklappenerkrankungen?variant=51331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn more<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:60px;--awb-padding-right:12%;--awb-padding-bottom:70px;--awb-padding-left:12%;--awb-padding-right-medium:0%;--awb-padding-left-medium:5%;--awb-padding-top-small:40px;--awb-padding-right-small:35px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:50px;--awb-padding-left-small:20px;--awb-background-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, #f9f9f9 0%,var(--awb-color2) 100%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 30px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 30px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-30px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-30px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:15px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:15px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:15px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:50px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:25px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-font-size:32px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:32;line-height:1.3;\">Our specialists for diseases of the heart valves<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/prof-dr-med-patric-biaggi\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-1 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Portraitbild &#8211; Prof. Dr. Med. Patric Biaggi\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Portraitbild-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Patric-Biaggi.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Portraitbild-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Patric-Biaggi-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Portraitbild-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Patric-Biaggi-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Portraitbild-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Patric-Biaggi.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Patric Biaggi<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Patric Biaggi<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiology | Imaging<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiology | Imaging<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-11 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-12 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/prof-dr-med-roberto-corti\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-2 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Prof. Dr. Med. Roberto Corti &#8211; Portraitbild\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Roberto-Corti-Portraitbild.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Roberto-Corti-Portraitbild-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Roberto-Corti-Portraitbild-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Roberto-Corti-Portraitbild.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-13 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-14 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-15 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Roberto Corti<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-16 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Roberto Corti<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-17 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-18 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-19 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; FR &#8211; IT &#8211; EN<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-20 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; FR &#8211; IT &#8211; EN<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/dipl-arzt-daniel-fritschi\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-3 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Dipl. Arzt Daniel Fritschi\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dipl.-Arzt-Daniel-Fritschi.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dipl.-Arzt-Daniel-Fritschi-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dipl.-Arzt-Daniel-Fritschi-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dipl.-Arzt-Daniel-Fritschi.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-21 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Graduate doctor<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-22 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Graduate doctor<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-23 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Daniel Fritschi<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-24 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Daniel Fritschi<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-25 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Senior physician cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-26 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Senior physician cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-27 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-28 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/prof-dr-med-oliver-gaemperli\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-4 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Prof. Dr. Med. Oliver G\u00e4mperli\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Oliver-Gaemperli.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Oliver-Gaemperli-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Oliver-Gaemperli-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Oliver-Gaemperli.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-29 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-30 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-31 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Oliver G\u00e4mperli<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-32 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Oliver G\u00e4mperli<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-33 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-34 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-35 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT &#8211; ES<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-36 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT &#8211; ES<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/prof-dr-med-juerg-gruenenfelder\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-5 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Prof. Dr. Med. J\u00fcrg Gr\u00fcnenfelder\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Juerg-Gruenenfelder.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Juerg-Gruenenfelder-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Juerg-Gruenenfelder-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Juerg-Gruenenfelder.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-37 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-38 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-39 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">J\u00fcrg Gr\u00fcnenfelder<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-40 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">J\u00fcrg Gr\u00fcnenfelder<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-41 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiac surgery<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-42 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiac surgery<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-43 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; IT &#8211; FR<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-44 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; IT &#8211; FR<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/dr-med-ioannis-kapos\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-6 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Dr. Med. &#8211; Ioannis Kapos\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dr.-Med.-Ioannis-Kapos.jpeg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dr.-Med.-Ioannis-Kapos-200x256.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dr.-Med.-Ioannis-Kapos-400x512.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Dr.-Med.-Ioannis-Kapos.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-45 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-46 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-47 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Ioannis Kapos<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-48 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Ioannis Kapos<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-49 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiology | Imaging<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-50 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiology | Imaging<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-51 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; GR<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-52 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; GR<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/pd-dr-med-h-diana-reser\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-7 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-7\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; PD Dr. Med. Diana Reser\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-PD-Dr.-Med.-Diana-Reser.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-PD-Dr.-Med.-Diana-Reser-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-PD-Dr.-Med.-Diana-Reser-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-PD-Dr.-Med.-Diana-Reser.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-53 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-54 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-55 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Diana Reser<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-56 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Diana Reser<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-57 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiac surgery<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-58 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Cardiac surgery<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-59 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; MA<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-60 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; MA<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/prof-dr-med-peter-m-wenaweser\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-8 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-8\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Prof. Dr. Med. &#8211; Peter M. Wenawasser\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Peter-M.-Wenawasser-1.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Peter-M.-Wenawasser-1-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Peter-M.-Wenawasser-1-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Prof.-Dr.-Med.-Peter-M.-Wenawasser-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-61 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-top-small:25px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-62 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);--awb-margin-top:25px;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-margin-top-small:20px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:0;\">Prof. Dr. med.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-63 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.4px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Peter M. Wenaweser<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-64 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.4px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Peter M. Wenaweser<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-65 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-66 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Interventional cardiology<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-67 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-68 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">DE &#8211; EN &#8211; FR &#8211; IT<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:70px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:50%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/operative-leitung-ines-buehler\/\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-liftup-border-radius:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-9 imageframe-liftup\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-9\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"700\" title=\"Herzklinik Hirslanden &#8211; Klinikteam &#8211; Ines B\u00fchler\" src=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Klinikteam-Ines-Buehler.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Klinikteam-Ines-Buehler-200x256.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Klinikteam-Ines-Buehler-400x512.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Herzklinik-Hirslanden-Klinikteam-Ines-Buehler.jpg 547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-69 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:23px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:23;--minFontSize:23;line-height:1.3;\">Ines B\u00fchler<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-70 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:17px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:0.5px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:17;--minFontSize:17;line-height:1.3;\">Ines B\u00fchler<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-71 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:18px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.3;\">Operational Management | Member of the Management Board<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-72 fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-top:15px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:15px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.3;\">Operational Management | Member of the Management Board<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:15px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:15px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:15px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:15px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:15px;--awb-spacing-left-small:15px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-xlarge button-custom fusion-button-default button-6 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" 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aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10075","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Valvular heart disease - Herzklinik Hirslanden Z&uuml;rich<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The four heart valves act as check valves to regulate blood flow throughout the body.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swiss-heart-clinic.com\/en\/diseases-of-the-heart-valves\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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